Analyze your project using the Fribourg Declaration
How to set in motion an approach open to cultural rights, that is to say, to put more democracy in the projects and the relationship with the public? A good way to start is to analyze your project according to the 8 cultural rights proposed by the “Fribourg Declaration” (2007). This is just the beginning.
The « cultural rights », to which several articles of law in France refer, are in themselves a concept that has multiple definitions, with no consensus or official text that would define it in a fixed way. The “Fribourg Declaration” is not a ratified legislative text, it is a proposal for the formalization of cultural rights, which is considered the most accomplished. It is extremely useful in political terms, because even if it is not in itself a legislative text, its proposals are all based on legal texts that can be mobilized at the legal level.
We can therefore use the Fribourg Declaration to analyze its project, using the 8 “cultural rights” it identifies. This is an exercise that can be done in teams. We ask ourselves the question “how does my project take into account these 8 cultural rights”, and we share and discuss the answers:
- The right to choose and respect one’s cultural identity.
- The right to know and respect one’s own culture, as well as other cultures.
- The right to have access to cultural heritages.
- The right to refer, or not, to one or more cultural communities.
- The right to participate in cultural life.
- The right to educate and train in the respect of cultural identities.
- The right to participate in an adequate information (to be informed and to inform).
- The right to participate in the development of cultural cooperation.
Link to the complete Freiburg declaration.
These questions, if we take the time to approach them through real personal work and collective exchanges, raise issues that are often very profound. They are really operative to perceive one’s project in a completely different way, with a view to democracy. The Paideia action-research approach accompanies these questions over a period of a year and a half for those who commit themselves to it, by transmitting a method to make it live on the ground, with successive and collective evaluations.
8 starting points for a very demanding approach
These 8 cultural rights really allow us to dig deep into the why of projects, their raison d’être in the light of the democratic system that allows them to be funded. This seems to me an excellent starting point. But it’s only a start, because the key, after that, is the question of how:
- How do we get human beings to implement, in movement rather, the answers found to these questions?
- How can we accompany, without hypocrisy, the profound changes in modes of organization, governance, hierarchy, professional and personal practices, which necessarily result from a sincere opening to cultural rights?
- How can people and institutions, whether public or private, integrate the destabilization (deep questioning of established practices, need for new practices, especially digital) that a cultural rights approach represents?
- To summarize it very quickly: how to accept to lose power, how to accept to be changed?
- What management methods should be used, and how can we support this type of change in a sustainable way, especially among multiple partners, which will affect the heart of projects, professions, social relations, institutional structures, and personal postures?
- How can we avoid, with the best intentions in the world, perverting the initial democratic objectives without even realizing it?
- How to keep an open and evolving framework?
This first analysis with the help of the Fribourg Declaration can therefore constitute an excellent starting point. But the implementation of cultural rights is another matter, which must be nourished by other, very destabilizing, approaches that require a long and demanding personal, collective and institutional, in short political, path. It is necessary to take the measure of it.
The “cultural rights”, which derive from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, are a concept developed and defended by researchers, sociologists, philosophers, political leaders and actors of the cultural world. Present in a certain number of articles of law since 2001, the cultural rights aim at highlighting and formalizing, in order to be able to make them operative, the principles of a “cultural democracy”. To summarize it quickly, it is a question of each person being able to give value to his or her personal culture, in order to be able to exercise his or her citizenship: to express himself or herself, to defend his or her point of view, to create, to develop his or her practices, to have access to a cultural diversity, etc. Cultural rights operate in a much wider field than that of the strict cultural sector.
The notion of “cultural rights” is present in France in the laws NOTRe (2015) and LCAP (2016). It is carried by a delegation of the Ministry of Culture (General Delegation for transmission, territories, since January 1, 2021).
Paradoxically, cultural rights are difficult to implement in the cultural sector, which is traditionally rather attached to “cultural democratization”: one often defends the idea of the transmission to the public of works of art of the best possible quality, according to a principle of hierarchy of “cultural values”. Thus, the cultural rights can be lived by certain professionals of the culture as a dangerous dynamics for the Art, a tendency towards the amateur practices, which is not the case.
In my point of view, which is that of a practitioner/researcher in the cultural field, cultural rights are above all a practice, an exercise of democracy in the very methods of organization of the work, of the relation to the other and of the place of each one, the choices of programming, the methods of mediation and animation of workshops, the mode of territorial inscription of the cultural policy, etc.
I propose in this section concrete working methods for good practices of implementation of cultural rights, based on my field experiences, as well as a sharing of more theoretical reflections, in the framework of my own research on cultural rights.
I place myself in the filiation of thinkers like John Dewey. But cultural rights cannot be presented without mentioning Patrice Meyer-Bisch, Jean-Michel Lucas, Christelle Blouët, the “Fribourg Declaration”, etc.
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Transmitting cultural rights: a question of coherence
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How can we talk about cultural democracy within an authoritarian framework? How can we defend respect for each person’s culture while imposing a (…) -
The political dimension of organisational frameworks
When forms contradict intentions: organising cultural democracy.
We talk about cultural democracy, horizontality, cultural rights. But the concrete frameworks we put in place often tell a very different story. (…) -
Will Heritage Still Be Part of Our Lives in 2045?
Digitising collections is not enough: the challenge is to enable their appropriation by citizens.
Cultural practices in 2045 will be as different from ours as ours are from those of 2005. At that time, YouTube did not exist, no one had a (…) -
The Representation of One’s Cultural Role
What the Association of French Mayors survey reveals about the cultural imaginary of local authorities.
What do we presuppose when we speak of “audiences distant from culture”? The AMF survey, read as an anthropological document, unveils the (…) -
Algorithms and Cultural Rights
How algorithms, far from confining us, implement cultural rights through democratic discoverability based on metadata.
Algorithms are regularly criticized as tools that supposedly lock us into “filter bubbles.” We must free ourselves from them, we are told. Yet (…) -
Domination at the Heart of Culture
How laudatory terms mask power relations in the cultural sector.
The praise we bestow upon “great artists” reveals, beneath its flattering appearances, a structure of domination. Behind admiration lies the (…) -
Making Room for Adolescents: Rethinking Our Approaches in Cultural Action
From democratisation to cultural democracy.
Cultural action and mediation with adolescents challenge the foundations of our practices: between framework and transgression, between physical (…) -
Symbolization as a tool for mobilization
When the collective and digital traces build cultural engagement.
Faced with an abundance of digital cultural practices, cultural venues struggle to mobilize “audiences.” I argue here that this difficulty does (…) -
Legitimate participation as the horizon of cultural events
From legitimacy to participate: how cultural rights transform our practices.
Cultural rights are often misunderstood. Their strength lies in their capacity to transform our practices: moving from a top-down programming (…) -
The Accelerated Eye
Manifesto for a new ecology of the gaze.
What if speed were not the enemy of culture, but the instrument of a new form of sensitive intelligence? A radical reappropriation of our right to (…) -
Authorizing Creation
For a radical democratization of the creative act.
How can artistic creation become a political act of collective emancipation? By carrying within itself, in its form and process, the authorization (…) -
Creative Freedom and Cultural Rights
A dialectic at the heart of cultural policies.
French cultural policy today finds itself at the crossroads of two fundamental principles, both enshrined in law: creative freedom and cultural (…) -
Cultural Rights in Light of Personal History
At the beginning of my journey as an engaged cultural actor.
The question of cultural rights has long shaped my commitment, well before the term came to light. Through my story, I attempt to show how a (…) -
Cooperative Narratives
Creating polyphonic narrative devices to transform academic knowledge into living and operative knowledge.
How can we overcome the limits of academic narrative to create truly shared knowledge? A concrete experience of collective writing devices that (…) -
The myth of recognition through cultural democratization
Rethinking artistic value beyond systems of domination.
Artistic recognition is less about talent than about a social game that some refuse to participate in. A reflection on alternative paths to (…) -
Cultural Rights and Digital Discoverability
For a cultural policy adapted to digital spaces.
Faced with the failure of many institutional digital cultural strategies, cultural rights and its corollary cultural democracy seem to me to be (…) -
Freedom and Cultural Rights
A renewed approach to democratic dignity, through the contribution of two new rights.
Cultural rights, seemingly guarantors of human dignity, are emptied of their meaning when they fail to forcefully articulate the question of (…) -
Cultural Rights and Digital Technology
Rethinking digital tools in service of cultural democracy.
How can digital technology become a lever for cultural emancipation rather than an instrument of dependence? I propose a digital implementation of (…) -
The specter of the other
From anxious dehumanization to confident recognition.
How can the other, a subject of rights, become a threatening figure? A reflection born from a confrontation with reality, beyond the fantasies and (…) -
Cultural data and cultural rights
For an inclusive heritage democracy in the digital age.
Citizen cultural data is tomorrow’s heritage. Their recognition and preservation constitute a major democratic challenge for building a (…) -
Corporate memory at the service of cultural rights
Rethinking the relationship between cultural venues and people.
Cultural institutions, through their failure to collect and care for data, forget those they welcome, denying their dignity. This amnesia (…) -
Cultural rights and preservation of digital heritage
Bernard Stiegler’s technical philosophy sheds political light.
Have you ever tried to find a video you loved on YouTube from ten years ago? A blog post that made an impression on you? Your friends’ photos on (…) -
Artistic Legitimization, Cultural Rights, and Construction of the Individual
Between horizontality and the need for recognition.
Artistic legitimization, between traditional hierarchies and new digital forms, questions individual and collective recognition. By intersecting (…) -
Cultural rights and the “fight” against the far right
How to rebuild democracy in our cultural spaces.
How the discourse of “fighting against the far right” stigmatizes voters, compromises democratic dialogue and becomes hate speech. It would be (…) -
Architecture of artistic venues and cultural rights
The impact of location on social roles.
The architecture of cultural venues shapes roles and often limits participation. An approach inspired by digital spaces would enable cultural (…) -
Strategy, design and technical implementation of the “Azimut” platform
The resource portal for artistic practices.
I am supporting and leading, on behalf of the MPAA, in its current phase, the strategy, design, and technical implementation of this platform, (…) -
Synthesis of the seminar: “What pedagogy by and for cultural rights?”
Organized by UFISC, Opale, Réseau Culture 21, Observatoire des politiques culturelles, Laboratoire des droits culturels and Ligue de l’enseignement (February 6, 2025).
Workshop to find out what stage the partners had reached in their work on the “cultural rights” certification referential project in the context (…) -
Conference: “EAC and cultural rights: convergences to be identified and implemented”
Dans le cadre des Rencontres territoriales “Artistic and cultural education & Territorial cultural projects” (Foix, February 5, 2025).
How can cultural rights be a tool for better implementation of artistic and cultural education projects? And how we can identify convergences (…) -
Cultural rights and professional postures
Tools for the concrete implementation of cultural rights.
Cultural rights, stemming from the Fribourg Declaration (2007), represent a major advancement for cultural democracy. However, their practical (…) -
“Cultural rights” creative writing seminar
Master Arts du Spectacle, université de Caen Normandie 2021-2022-2023-2024.
A practical seminar on digital writing, with the theme of cultural rights. Students approach writing in the contemporary sense of the term, (…) -
“On the ineffectiveness of our works in real life”.
Commentary on the text by Eva Doumbia & Kader Attia (2023).
In July 2023, visual artist Kader Attia and director Eva Doumba published a text (in Analyse Opinion Critique) in response to the youth “riots” (…) -
Artistic creation in a digital environment
Commentary on the report commissioned by DRAC Bretagne (August 2023).
A study on the subject of digital and artistic creation reveals, through its unquestioned biases, the unconscious desire not to move the lines of (…) -
Digital technology, a tool for mediation and cultural democracy
Webinar on Monday, October 9, 2023 from 10am to 1pm.
Restitution of the “Digital Workshops” project by Cultures du Cœur and Benoît Labourdette Production, offered as part of the Été culturel program (…) -
Itinéraire bis, the path of cultural rights
Action research conducted by the MPAA (Paris).
Accompaniment in the animation, production of traces and fabrication of the web platform resources of the research-action “Itinéraire bis, chemin (…) -
Raising awareness of cultural rights - Nantes métropole (September 30, 2022)
Co-design and co-hosting of a one-day event for Nantes’ cultural players.
Taking ownership of cultural rights concepts and approaches through cooperative creativityA small group of cultural players from Nantes, led (…) -
Analyze your project using the Fribourg Declaration
Working method
How to set in motion an approach open to cultural rights, that is to say, to put more democracy in the projects and the relationship with the (…) -
John Dewey : an inspirer of cultural rights?
Sharing my interest in an inspiring personality.
The notion of “cultural rights” is increasingly present in the debates within the cultural sector. They are seen by many as being at the heart of (…) -
Professional meeting “Public participation”: presentation by Benoît Labourdette
Interview of Benoît Labourdette by Jean-Yves de Lépinay (11’37s, 2020).
Sharing examples of audiovisual creation workshops conducted in the spirit of cultural rights: moving from “participation” to “interaction.” (…) -
“Cultural participation”: interview with Benoît Labourdette.
Interview with Benoît Labourdette (4’39s, 2020).
Video presentation of Benoît Labourdette’s approach to the democratic dimension of cultural action. -
Research-action “Image Education 2.1”
Collaborative action-research project led by Benoît Labourdette production in 2018 and 2019, to develop the synergy between teenage cinema (…)
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Cultural venues and social networks How to turn audiences into ambassadors rather than chasing followers.
Cultural venues are on social media out of obligation, without a clear strategy or convincing results. We need to rethink their presence: no (…) -
Dilapidation of resources in supply logic For a democratic revolution of cultural practices.
Faced with the crisis in the cultural sector, it is urgent to shift from a top-down supply logic to a culture of connection and listening, (…) -
Culture and political power: from a marriage of convenience to a consummated divorce From Louis XIV to Rachida Dati: anatomy of a rupture between subsidized culture and political legitimacy.
Culture is no longer the theater of power. Once an instrument of political influence, it now struggles to justify its public funding. How can we (…) -
Cultural Rights and Digital Discoverability For a cultural policy adapted to digital spaces.
Faced with the failure of many institutional digital cultural strategies, cultural rights and its corollary cultural democracy seem to me to be (…) -
The Economy of Creative Abundance How Artificial Intelligence Redefines Value in the Cultural Sector.
AI is disrupting creation: it displaces scarcity and multiplies possibilities. Faced with an obsession for performance, the cultural sector can (…)
